Phytochemical Analysis On Moringa Oleifera And Azadrichta Indica Leaves
Studies were conducted to determine the phytochemicasl present in
moringa olrifera and Azadrichta indica leaves. Leaves for this work were
washed, room dried ground to powder. The ground leave for both
sample were soaked in four different solvent; Ethanol, n-Hexane, Ethyl
acetate and water for 24 hours. After the contact elapsed the solvent
were filtered to recover the extract. Qualitative analysis was carried out
on the extract; the result showed moringa oliefera to contain saponin,
flavonoid, tannin, phenol, steroid and glycoside. Azadrichta indica
contains; saponin, flavonoid, tannin, Alkaloid, steroid and glycoside.
Quantitative anaylsis were jalso carried on the extract and the result
showed moringa oliefera and Azadrichta indica to contain in percentage
flavonoid (21.8 : 23.80), Alkaloids (5.00 : 8.20), saponin ( 0.70 : 1.10 ),
phenol ( 0.76 : 1.49 ), Tannin ( 0.08 : 0.57 ) and Glycoside ( 0.005 :
0.0062 ) respectively for moringa oliefera and Azadrichta indica. In the
qualitative analysis water was the best solvent for extraction and
quantitative analysis; flavonoid, alkaloid, tannin, saponin, phenol and
glycoside have higher percentage in Azadrichta indica than moringa
oleifera.
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Title page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of content
List of figure
List of table
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Background of study 1
1.2 Phytochemical 3
1.2.1 Activity of phytochemical 4
1.3 Statement of problem 5
1.4 Aims and Objectives of study 6
1.5 Significant of study 6
1.6 Scope of study 6
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review 7
2.1 Botany of Moringa oleifera 7
2.1.1 Classification 7
2.1.2 Origin and Habitat 8
2.1.3 Description 9
2.1.4 Ecology and cultivation 9
2.1.5 Traditional uses 11
2.1.6 Common name 12
2.1.7 Pharmacological activity of Moringa oleifera 13
2.2 Botany of Azadrichta indica 18
2.2.1 Classification 18
2.2.2 Origin and habitat 19
2.2.3 Description 19
2.2.4 Ecology and cultivation 21
2.2.5 Traditional uses 22
2.2.6 Common name 22
2.2.7 Pharmacological activity of Azadrichta indica 22
2.3 Phytochemical 26
2.3.1 Types of phytochemicals 27
2.3.1.1 Tannin 28
2.3.1.2 Phenol 29
2.3.1.3 Saponin 30
2.3.1.4 Steroids 31
2.3.1.5 Flavonoids 33
2.3.1.6 Alkaloids 35
2.3.1.7 Glycosides 36
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Materials and Methods 37
3.1 Collection and preparation of material 37
3.2 Equipment / apparatus 37
3.3 Reagents 38
3.4 Methods 39
3.4.1 Qualitative Analysis 39
3.4.2 Preparation of Wagner’s reagent 40
3.4.3 Preparation of Mayer’s reagent 40
3.4.4 Test for Alkaloid 40
3.4.5 Test for Saponin 41
3.4.6 Test for Flavonoid 42
3.4.7 Test for Steroid 42
3.4.8 Test for Tannin 42
3.4.9 Test for Glycoside 43
3.5 Quantitative Analysis 43
3.5.1 Flavonoid determination 43
3.5.2 Alkaloid determination 44
3.5.3 Tannin determination 44
3.5.4 Saponin determination 45
3.5.5 Glycoside determination 45
3.5.6 Phenol determination 46
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Results and Discussion 47
4.1 Qualitative Analysis result 47
4.2 Quantitative Analysis result 49
4.3 Discussion of result 50
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Conclusions 52
5.2 Recommendations 52
REFERENCE 53 – 54
APPENDIX 55 – 58
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