Development Of IoT Based Smart Energy Meter Reading And Monitoring System

ABSTRACT

The plan and improvement of a keen observing and controlling framework for energy meters continuously has been discussed in this paper. With the end goal to screen the energy consequently, diminish creation cost, the Remote Meter Reading System is produced. Remote energy meters were structured with prepaid appropriation framework. Structure of which utilizes virtual instrument programming design that should be possible on web server that will works with internet of things. The framework basically screens the vitality necessities and status of utilization of intensity. The framework can screen the status and send data to webserver and additionally a ready SMS through GSM WIFI will sent naturally, if the conditions get strange, to a concerned experts cell phone and also amount to be paid by customer at the end of month automatically for the next month with current usage statistics. The concerned expert can control the high power expended gadgets on or off to make the framework better through web portal. The web page which we will utilize is secret phrase ensured by adding username and password along with secured API keys. This framework finds a wide application in regions where physical nearness isn’t conceivable all an opportunity to control the devices. The framework will be work with ARM processor utilized in the usage of sensor module and other correspondence condition. The framework offers a total, minimal effort, ground-breaking and easy to use method for ongoing observing and remote control of Appliances.

ABBREVIATION USED

IoT – Internet of Things

LED – Light Emitting Diode.

GSM – Global System for Mobile

Wi-Fi – Wireless Fidelity

HTML – Hyper-Text Markup Language

CSS – Cascading Style Sheets

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

ABBREVIATION USED

CHAPTER ONE

1.0    INTRODUCTION

1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
• BENEFIT OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF AN ELECTRIC METER
• REVIEW OF UNIT OF MEASUREMENT
• OTHER UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
• TYPES OF METERS
• DIFFERENT TYPES OF PREPAID METER
• OVERVIEW OF INTERNET OF THINGS
• REVIEW OF EXISTING WORKS

CHAPTER THREE

3.0      METHODOLOGY

3.1      ARCHITECHURAL MODEL

3.2      BLOCK DIAGRAM

3.3      DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM BLOCKS

3.4     EQUATIONS AND MATHEMATICAL CALCULATION

3.5      SYSTEM OPERATION AND DESCRIPTION

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0    TESTING AND RESULTS

• CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING

4.2    RESULT

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

1.1                                           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Electricity is one of the essential necessities of human being for their life. It is a non-renewable energy source therefore we must use it judiciously for its sustainable utilization (Tan, Lee, & Mok, 2007). In a country like Sri Lanka, the most of the consumers are not happy and satisfied with the services of electricity suppliers; because of traditional meter reading methods which requires huge number of man power and long working hours to collect metering data for billing process. Manual billing process is sometimes slow by various reasons. Human operative traditional metering method can lead to be inaccurate (Mohamed Mufassirin & Hanees, 2018) and (Mufassirin & Hanees, 2014).

Electricity theft is also a challenging problem to the electricity board in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka electricity board reported that near 30% of its total supply of electricity was lost due to electricity theft (Mohamed Mufassirin, Hanees,  & Shafana, 2016). During the year 2011, officials from electricity board have caught 2935 offenders who used electricity illegally and earned about 199 million LKR by imposing penalties on them (News, 2014). Therefore, the Electricity Board officials are forecasting to take tough laws such as withdrawing electricity supplies to houses or industries who have engaged in electricity theft. The economic impacts of theft reduce the income from the sale of electricity and increase the necessity of overcharging to consumers. Only generating more power is not enough to meet present day electricity requirements. Electricity consumption and losses have to be closely monitored and managed to efficiently utilize the generated power (Mohamed Mufassirin & Hanees, 2018).

The Internet of Things (IoT) permits object to be controlled and sensed remotely through existing communication network that creates chances for more direct integration between the physical world and computer based systems. These activities are resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit (Pooja & Kulkarni, 2016) and (Muhammed & Hanees, IOT Based Waste Collection Monitoring System, 2017). This proposed IoT based smart energy meter reading and monitoring system in this study, measures electricity consumption of each household and generate its bill automatically using IoT and telemetric communication techniques like microcontroller. Also this study provides an effective mechanism for detecting and controlling electricity theft in household site based on infrared sensor and IoT.

1.2                                                  PROBLEM STATEMENT

In the most of the developing countries, the effort of collecting electricity utility meter reading and detecting illegal usage of electricity is a very difficult and time consuming task which requires a lot of human resources. Energy meter reading and monitoring system using Internet of Things (IoT) present an efficient and cost-effective way to transfer the information of energy consumed by the consumer wirelessly as well as it provides facilities to detect the illegal usage of the electricity. Aim of this study is to measure electricity consumption in the household and generate its bill automatically using IoT and telemetric communication techniques. Also this study aims to detect and control the energy theft. The Arduino microcontroller is employed to coordinate the activities with digital energy meter system and to connect the system to a WiFi network and subsequently to the Internet and Server. A passive infrared sensor is engaged with the system to detect when any illegal alteration happen in the metering system. In such case, system will send an alert to the server as well as it has the facility to disconnect and re-connect the electricity supply automatically. The proposed system is capable of continuously monitor and being notified about the number of units consumed to the energy provider and consumer. The energy consumptions are calculated automatically and the bill is updated on the internet by using a network of Internet of Things. This automation can reduce the needs of the manual labours.

1.3                                                                              OBJECTIVES

The main aim of this study is to design and develop a fully functional “Automated Energy Metering and Monitoring System” having innovative capabilities like remote metering, theft detection and controlling the electricity supply to the consumer. The research is about to handle all the information of the consumer regarding energy consumption using a software system.

1.4                                                SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

In this paper the idea of smart energy meter using IoT and Arduino have been introduced. In this method we are using Arduino because it is energy efficient i.e. it consume less power, it is fastest and has two UARTS. In this paper, energy meters which is already installed at our houses are not replaced, but a small modification on the already installed meters can change the existing meters into smart meters. The use of GSM module provides a feature of notification through SMS. One can easily access the meter working through web page that we designed. Current reading with cost can be seen on web page. Automatic ON & OFF of meter is possible. Threshold value setting and sending of notification is the additional task that we are performing) distribution companies. The paper mainly deals with smart energy meter, which utilizes the features of embedded systems i.e. combination of hardware and software in order to implement desired functionality. The paper discusses comparison of Arduino and other controllers, and the application of GSM and Wi-Fi modems to introduce ‘Smart’ concept. With the use of GSM modem the consumer as well as service provider will get the used energy reading with the respective amount, Consumers will even get notification in the form text through GSM when they are about to reach their threshold value, that they have set. Also with the help of Wi-Fi modem the consumer can monitor his consumed reading and can set the threshold value through webpage.

1.5                                      SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

This system enables the electricity department to read the meter readings monthly without a person visiting each house. This can be achieved by the use of Arduino unit that continuously monitor and records the energy meter reading in its permanent (non-volatile) memory location. This system continuously records the reading and the live meter reading can be displayed on webpage to the consumer on request. This system also can be used to disconnect the power supply of the house when needed. Other importances of the system are as below:

1.6                                              PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The main purpose of this work is to provide a simple, low cost and easy means of recharging, monitoring or reading our energy consumed in our homes, offices or industries

1.7                                              BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT

There are many benefits of this project:

1. Pay according to your current income situation.
2. Reduce electricity consuming when income is tight.

• No billing errors.

1. No debt money.
2. No need of extra staff for meter reading.
3. Customer will be responsible for disconnections.

1.8                                          APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

This device can be used in places, such as:

1. Homes
2. Offices

• Workshops

1. Industries
2. Worshiping centres, etc.

1.9                                              PROJECT ORGANISATION

The remainder of this paper is organized as follow: Section 2 discusses the review of the study. Section 3 discusses the methodology and Section 4 is dedicated for result. Finally, section 5 concludes the paper.