Design And Construction Of Third Eye For The Blind Using Ultrasonic Sensor

ABSTRACT

Third eye for the blind is an innovation with the help of the multi discipline subjects like computer science, electronics engineering and health science which helps the blind people to navigate with speed and confidence by detecting the nearby obstacles using the help of ultrasonic waves and notify them with a buzzer sound or vibration. According to WHO 39 million people are estimated as blinds worldwide. They are suffering a lot of hardships in their daily life. The affected ones have been using the tradition white cane for many years which although being effective, still has a lot of disadvantages. This will be a wearable technology for the blinds. One of the main peculiarity of this device is that it will be affordable. The Arduino Pro Mini 328- 15/16 MHz board is worn like a device. This will be equipped with ultrasonic sensors, consisting of module. Using the sensor, visually impaired can detect the objects around them and can travel easily. When the sensor detects any object it will notify the user by beep or vibration. Thus this is an automated device. Thus this device will be of a great use for the blinds and help them travel different places.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

• AIM OF THE PROJECT
• OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• LIMITATION/PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• REVIEW OF THE RELATED STUDY
• REVIEW OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM
• PROBLEM OF THE EXISTING SYSTEMS
• THE FEATURES OF THIRD EYE FOR BLINDS
• OVERVIEW OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

 CHAPTER THREE

DESIGN METHODOLOGY

• CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
• WORKING OPERATIONS
• PICTURE OF PARTS USED
• MATERIALS USED
• WIRING INSTRUCTION
• MAKING THE MODULES
• PROGRAM CODE

 CHAPTER FOUR

TESTING AND RESULTS

• CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
• INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLETE DESIGN
• ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
• TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
• RESULT AND DISCUSSION

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

Third eye for blinds is an innovation which helps the blinds people to navigate with speed and confidence by detecting the nearby obstacles using the help of ultrasonic waves and notify them with buzzer sound or vibration. They only need to wear this device as a band or cloth.

According to WHO 39 million peoples are estimated as blinds worldwide. They are suffering a lot of harder ship in there daily life. The affected ones have been using the traditional white cane for many years which although being effective, still has a lot of disadvantages. Another way is, having a pet animal such as a dog, but it is really expensive. So the aim of the project is to develop a cheap and more efficient way to help visually impaired to navigate with greater comfort, speed and confidence.

Third eye for the blind using ultrasonic sensor is a special wearable device based on the arduino board which can be worn like a cloth for blinds. This device is equipped with five ultrasonic sensors, consisting of five modules which are connected to the different parts of the body. Among them, two for both shoulder, another two for both knees and one for the hand. Using the five ultrasonic sensors, blind can detect the objects in a five dimensional view around them and can easily travel anywhere. When the ultrasonic sensor detects obstacle the device will notify the user through vibrations and sound beeps. The intensity of vibration and rate of beeping increases with decrease in distance and this is a fully automated device.

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

With the improvement of the living standards of the people, we have become so materialistic that we have forgotten how the physically disabled people live a tough life. They undergo rigorous, apathetic and indifferent behavior towards them for being physically disabled. They become dependent on other people in a way for their day to day routine chores. Blind and impaired persons always depend on other people for their locomotion. Eye are prime sense of organ in perceiving the outside environment; dysfunction of such prime sense organ severely effects the knowledge perceiving capability of the outside environment. Therefore, going around to places in such environment is a very big challenge because the blind people cannot depend on their own eyes and thus face many difficulties [1].

The objective of this project The Third Eye for the Blind is to design a product which is very much useful to those people who are visually impaired and those who often have to rely on others. Third eye for Blind project is an innovation which helps the visually impaired people to move around and go from one place to another with speed and confidence by knowing the nearby obstacles using the help of the wearable band which produces the ultrasonic waves which notify them with buzz sound or vibrations. It allows the user those who are visually impaired to walk freely by detecting the obstacles. They only need to wear this device as a band or cloth on their body.

According to WHO or the World Health Organization, 39 million people are estimated as blinds worldwide. They are suffering a lot of hardship in their daily life. The physically disabled ones have been using the traditional way that is the white cane for many years which although being effective, still has a lot of disadvantages and limitations. Another way is, having a pet animal such as a dog, but it is really expensive. Thus the aim of the project Third eye for the Blind is to develop a cheap, affordable and more efficient way to help the blind people to navigate with greater comfort, speed and confidence. This is the wearable technology for the blinds which helps resolve all the problems of the existing technologies. Now a days there are so many technologies, things and smart devices for the visually impaired people for the navigation, but most of them have certain problems for the blind people and the major drawbacks are that those things need a lot of training and efforts to use. One of the main peculiarity of this innovation is, it is affordable for everyone, the total cost being less than $25 or ~1500 INR. There are no such devices available in the market that can be worn like a cloth and having such a low cost and simplicity. With the use of this improvised device in a large scale, with improvements in the prototype, it will drastically benefit the community of the visually impaired or the blind people. The walking cane is a simple and purely mechanical device dedicated to detect the static or the constant obstacles on the ground, uneven surfaces, holes and steps via simple tactile-force feedback. This device is light, portable but limited to its size and it is not used for dynamic obstacle detection [4].

These devices operate like the radar and the system of the device uses the ultrasonic waves fascicle to identify the height, direction and the speed of the objects. The distance between the person and the obstacle is measured by the time of the wave travel. However, all the existing systems inform the blind the presence of the object at a specific distance in front of or near to him. These details helps the user or the blind people in detecting the obstacles and thus change the way and walk accordingly. Information about the objects and their place in the way of the walking like an obstacle and their characteristics can create additional knowledge to enhance the space manifestation and memory of the blind or the visually impaired people. To overcome, the above mentioned limitations this work offers a simple, efficient, configurable virtual for the blind.

1.2                                                   AIM OF THE PROJECT

It allows the user those who are visually impaired to walk freely by detecting the obstacles. Thus the aim of the project Third eye for the Blind is to develop a cheap, affordable and more efficient way to help the blind people to navigate with greater comfort, speed and confidence.

1.3                                             OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

At the end of this project “The Third Eye for the Blind”, student involved shall be able to design a product which is very much useful to those people who are visually impaired and those who often have to rely on others.

1.4                                              PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The purpose of this work is to provide an efficient way to help the blind people to navigate with greater comfort, speed and confidence.

1.5                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

By wearing this device they can fully avoid the use of white cane and such other devices. This device will help the blind to navigate without holding a stick which is a bit annoying for them. They can simply wear it as a band or cloth and it can function very accurately and they only need a very little training to use it.

1.6                                                 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

This is the first wearable technology for blinds which resolves all the problems of existing technologies. Now a days there are so many instruments and smart devices for visually impaired peoples for navigation but most of them have certain problems for carrying and the major drawbacks is those need a lot of training to use. The one of the main peculiarity of this innovation is, it is affordable for everyone. There are no such devices available in the market that can be worn like a cloth and having such a low cost and simplicity. When used on a large scale, with improvements in the prototype, it will drastically benefit the community. This device:

– Is the first wearable technology for blinds.

– Uses ultrasonic waves to detect the obstacles

– Notifying the user through vibrations/buzzer sound

1.7                                     LIMITATION/PROBLEM STATEMENT

1. Not designed for underwater use: ultrasonic sensors get spoil when use underwater, this means that the user is not permitted to use this device when it is raining.
2. Sensing accuracy is affected by changes in temperature of 5-10 degrees or more: under-temperature or higher temperature affect the system operation. Most ultrasonic sensors have a working range of -25° C to +70° C.
3. Have a limited detection range: ultrasonic sensor have a maximum range of 10 meters.