Design And Construction Of An Automatic Lighting System Using PIR Motion Sensor

INTRODUCTION
1.1. BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Industrial electronics has turned the whole world into a global village. One of the most indispensable aspects of these phenomena is automation, which forms the nucleus of the present day electronics technology. Considering the milestone, it was desired to make the choice of the project research on the design and implementation of an automatic lighting system.
Automatic lighting system design using motion sensor and LDR, this system will detect motion of people or object send input signal to microcontroller which will used to ON and OFF lamp. We can certainly minimize the consumption of electrical power, which is the one of most common and major problems in Nigeria. With the help of this system we can eliminate this shortage by minimizing the wastage of electrical power or saving our generated power.

1.2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This project work signifies a lot in industrial automation, telecom, computer electronics and ICT at large. It seeks to eliminate the stress, time and inconvenience associated with manual switching of security lights. It has a wide range of real-life applications basically in automation and can be used in surveillance system.

1.3. AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
This project is aimed at designing, simulating and implanting a cheap and reliable Automatic Lighting System using Small Scale Integrated and Medium Scale Integrated chips that can detect and warn on external intrusion.
The system has to satisfy the following:
1. Ensure the security of an office by deterring person intending to burglar and warning the occupants of office of any unauthorized entry into their premise.
2. Provide psychological satisfaction of being secure to the office occupant.
3. Reduce power consumption

1.4. SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
This project is focused on designing and constructing of an automated light system using photo-sensitive switch. That is, to illuminate the case study in response to change in weather. The system comes on at twilight through the night and goes off at dawn all through the day. The project research work covers the following photosensitive devices like light dependent Resistor (L.D.R) which serves as the sensor.

1.5. OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT
The high rate of technological advancement in industrial automation, security and control motivated me to embark on a project research work on design and implementation of automated light system using photosensitive switch. This electronics system is designs in five different modules all combined to form one functional unit. The first module are the sensors (LDR and PIR). The second module is the microcontroller. The third module is power supply. The fourth module is the electromagnetic relay where the fifth and final module –load are interfaced. The result being a rugged, robust and easy – to – maintain system.
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

DEFINITION OF TERMS
1.6. PROJECT REPORT ORGANISATION
This project is presented in six chapters to appropriately illustrate the steps involved in its design and implementation. Chapter one introduces the designs objectives, general introduces the design objectives, general description of the project and significances of the project. Chapter two is fundamentally the literature review and issues relating to its implementation. Chapter three confers the system methodology and analysis. Chapter four elaborates on the system design and analysis. Chapter five the implementation and testing. The sixth and last chapter summarizes the project theories conclusion and recommendations.