Design And Construction Of A GSM-Based Fire Alarm And Automatic Room Light

This project is titled design and construction of a GSM based automatic fire alarm and automatic room light controller. This device is an electronics device that is stored in a building to detect the presence of fire accident and also have the function of detecting when somebody enters into a room then switches ON the light and when any one leaves the room the light will go OFF. The light will not switched OFF until everyone in the room go out. An automatic fire alarm system is designed to detect the unwanted presence of fire by monitoring environmental changes associated with combustion. In general, a fire alarm system is classified as either automatically actuated, manually actuated, or both. The aim of this project is to design and construct a fire alarm for a building that will detect the presence of fire accident in a building using SMS Alert system, it uses LM35 Temperature Sensor and MQ2 for Smoke sensing and 16×2 LCD is used to display temperature and Smoke Level, and an automatic room light controller that detect when someone is in or out of the room then switches ON or off the room light.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

1.0      INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM OF THE PROJECT
• OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANT OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• REVIEW OF SMOKE DETECTOR
• REVIEW OF TYPES OF FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
• REVIEW OF FIRE ALARM DESIGN
• REVIEW OF RELATESD WORK
• OVERVIEW OF AN AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     METHODOLOGY

3.1      SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.2     SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.3      CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

3.4      LIST OF COMPONENTS

3.5      PROGRAMME CODE

3.6      POWER SUPPLY UNIT

3.7      DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER FOUR

• CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING ANALYSIS
• CASING AND PACKAGING
• ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
• TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
• BILL OF ENGINEERING MEASUREMENTS AND EVALUATION

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                      INTRODUCTION

In modern society, it is impossible to imagine house or building without a fire accident detector. Modern houses require a continuous installation of fire detector. Not only industry, but also in the household. Take the case of a duplex that experience a fire accident without a detector that means everything in that building will get burnt even human beings. But in a case whereby fire alarm is installed that means everyone in that building will be alerted and also fire security bodies will also be informed for quick security action. The same thing can also happen to our offices and industries. In order to notify residence of any building in the presence of fire accident, a fire alarm system is used.

An automatic fire alarm system is designed to detect the unwanted presence of fire by monitoring environmental changes associated with combustion. In general, a fire alarm system is classified as either automatically actuated, manually actuated, or both. Automatic fire alarm systems are intended to notify the building occupants to evacuate in the event of a fire or other emergency, report the event to an off-premises location in order to summon emergency services, and to prepare the structure and associated systems to control the spread of fire and smoke.

In the automatic room light controlling section of this work, that turns ON the room light when there is at-least one person in the room and turns OFF when the room is empty. The microcontroller does the above job with the ultrasonic sensor which detects the movement of human being close to it and also detect an infrared that human being emits. It receives the signals from the sensors, and this signal is operated under the control of software which is stored in ROM. Microcontroller continuously monitor the Infrared Receivers, When any object pass through or come close to the ultrasonic sensor.

1.2                                            STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

The Nigerian environment is considered to be hazards prone brought about by man-made and natural disasters due to its geographic circumstance which is exposed to catastrophic, floods droughts and fires. Based on the reports; devastations of these natural hazards and disasters including fires have increased in recent years. Our lifestyle of negligence and adapting to emerging technological solutions puts us at the risk of loss to fire and related occurrences as seen in markets, homes and other public places. The risk of fire occurrence is high especially during the dry season, Christmas and New Year celebration due to firecrackers. In the case where house fires are prevalent, it has effect to derail the economic growth, destroy social and physical capital including infrastructures, which resort to reallocation of ongoing programs to finance relief operations to fatalities and inhabitants and reconstruction efforts which diverts funds to social services. Fires are considered natural and man-made hazards. And also a situation whereby the occupant of a building or room forgets to switch OFF their electric light when leaving the house. This consumes electrical energy thereby increasing of our electricity bill. The purpose of this project is to put a stop to these problems by alerting the owner of house at the starting point of fire accident via SMS and alarm and by switching ON and OFF of room light when the occupant is inside and vice versa.

1.3                                     AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The aim of this work is to construct a device that will detect the unwanted presence of fire and human being in a room. It detects the unwanted presence of fire by monitoring environmental changes associated with combustion using SMS Alert system, it uses LM35 Temperature Sensor and MQ2 for Smoke sensing and 16×2 LCD is used to display temperature and Smoke Level and also uses ultrasonic sensor (PIR sensor) to detect the presence of human in a room that gives the microcontroller signal on when to ON or OFF the room light. At the end of this work the following objectives shall be achieved:

1. Building a device that senses both the presence of fire and human being in a room
2. The student shall become conversant the lm35, MQ2, and ultrasonic sensor

• Shall also know how to interface the LCD with the microcontroller.

1.4                                           PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The main purpose of this work is to save life and property via using GSM based fire sensor and to save electrical energy by using automatic room light control system.

1.5                                       SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

• The primary advantage of a home fire alarm system is increased reliability and the ability to place alarms and bells exactly where needed. However, the reason most people have them is that they wanted a burglar alarm system and the cost of adding fire alarm features to a residential burglary system is relatively small.
• This device disconnects Electrical Supply as soon as Fire is detected.
• Sends Fire Alert SMS with Temperature and Smoke Level to Given number.
• Makes Loud Sound using buzzer to alert about fire. Uses Standard MQ2 Smoke Sensor and LM35 Temperature Sensor.
• Low Cost
• It saves the electrical energy of the house, more expecially now that prepaid meter is being used in most houses.

1.6                                              SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

GSM, Microcontroller Based Fire detection and room light control system, it uses LM35 Temperature Sensor and MQ2 for Smoke sensing and 16×2 LCD is used to display temperature and Smoke Level, Over limit set points are set inside the program you can modify it as per your requirements, It Sends SMS when set limits are crossed through GSM modem that is attached to Serial Rxd and Txd Pins, Set your mobile number inside the code in Send SMS subroutine. It generates Sound When Fire is detected for alerting. And at the same time uses ultrasonic sensor to detect the presence of someone in room.

1.7                                      APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT

1. SMS based Fire Alarm system are very useful in remote locations where human interaction is limited. Such systems are useful in mines, industrial areas, factories etc.
2. Night Owl – We all know owls don’t sleep during night. SMS based Fire Alarm system helps to monitor locations and alert during fire that occurs in night time.
3. Quick Actions to shut down Fire – 90% of fire damages occur due to lack of early fire detection. A fire attack is usually silent and people will know about fire only when it has spread across a large area. SMS based Fire Alert system gives warning immediately to multiple mobile numbers and hence remedy actions can be taken quickly. This helps to prevent major damages and losses created by a fire accident.
4. Automatic light controller is needed every room human being occupies, it can be residential room, office, church, industries, etc.

1.8                                                         PROJECT ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the background literature review of the work, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results and system test, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.