Design And Construction Of A Farm Intruder With Camera And SD Card Recorder

1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
Generally, in the world, the economy of many countries is dependent upon agriculture. In spite of the economic growth and development, agriculture is the backbone of the economies all over the world. Agriculture contributes to the gross domestic product as it is the main stay of many countries. Agriculture meets food requirements of the people and serves as raw materials for several industries. There is always a huge loss of crops due to animal interference in agricultural land, crops are being destroyed and farmers are lost in large numbers [1]. Nigeria being an agricultural country needs some innovation in the field of agriculture. Farm lands and plantations in Nigeria and African countries are usually very large scale running into hundreds of acres and in most cases fencing these large expanses of land can be prohibitively expensive and very stressful. Farmers therefore resort to building fences using sticks and ropes and these provide the only security measure they can adopt. These security measures are trivial and very ineffective as intruders can easily jump over them and cart away with as much crops as they can carry them without the knowledge of the owners, especially when such fences are built around dark crevices. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) empower monitoring and controlling of corresponding physical environments from remote area with better efficiency and accuracy [2]. This work presents the design and the Implementation of WSNs for farm monitoring and security, which is easy to install. It is a microcontroller-based circuit to monitor and control intrusion by alerting the farm owner after the use of alarm on the farmland in order to scare aware intruders. The system is optimized with the aim of achieving maximum plant growth and yield. This work is motivated by different views relating to farming security. The security measures employed by farmers in building fences using sticks and ropes as the only security measure, which can be very stressful and time consuming, and in turn limit farmers from farming on a large scale. The limitations of [1] and [3] as they only send alert to the farm owner on sensing intrusion without raising an alarm first before alerting the farmer. Many intruders which may be birds, animals or human will get scared and leave the farm premises immediately an alarm is raised. This will save the farm owner of the stress of going to the farm immediately after receiving an alert since an ordinary alarm will chase many animals away. Also, with the present situations in Africa where the farmers are facing security threats in their farms, especially with the herdsmen, the wireless sensor networks technology can be used in this effect to get real time information of the farm and know when an intrusion occurs with the necessary action(s) to follow.

1.2 Problem Statement
Farm surveillance is a major concern in this day and age as with the rapid increase in the technology around us there is a need to get updated with it. There are many cases in which farm monitoring is needed and we set out to discover a solution to the problem that we researched.
In the past, the security measures employed by farmers is by building fences using sticks and ropes as the only security measure, which can be very stressful and time consuming, and in turn limit farmers from farming on a large scale and at the end of the whole effort the system will not give a full security. The proposed system overcomes these problem by raising an alarm which get the intruder scared and leave the farm premises immediately an alarm is raised, the intruder is also captured using a camera and the captured event of the intruder is recorded with SD card. This will save the farm owner of the stress of going to the farm immediately after receiving an alert since an ordinary alarm will chase many intruders away.

1.3 Aim and objectives of the study
The main aim of the study is to build a farm intruder with a camera and SD card recorder. The objectives of the work are:
i. To build the system prototype.
ii. To develop the safety monitoring system to keep an eye on our farm.
iii. To detect the unusual movement. The users must be able to watch the surveillance through user-interface (application, web-interface).
iv. To protect livestocks and properties.
v. To detect crime and provide evidential material for court proceedings.

1.4 Significance of the study
This study will serve as a means of securing farm produce, livestock and properties. With this system the user will just sit and watch about what is happening his or her farm.
The study will enlighten student involved as well as the reader of the article on the need of having constant security or environmental monitoring system.
To the government authority and law enforcement agency, this study will serve as means of providing evident in time of crime or argument.

1.5 Scope of the study
The scope of this study covers the building a farm intruder with ESP32- CAM module (SD card recorder). Hardware of this system has been designed using microcontroller AT Mega 328, PIR (Passive Infra Red) motion sensor as the primary sensor for motion detection, camera for capturing images and SD card save images capture by camera.. This system lets the user to monitor their farms 24/7 from a remote location and in case of unusual activities; the user is alerted through the web interface. Then the user can monitor all events from the web camera. The system was developed using Arduino as the main micro-controller and a PIR sensor, which detects the movement in the house. An ESP32 Camera module is installed, which can show the user what is going on in the house as soon as any movement is detected. A buzzer is also installed, which can be activated by the user to scare off any intruders or if there are any unwanted activities taking place.

1.6 Application of the study
This device apart from using it in a farm can also be used to monitor and secure places like:
i. Homes
ii. Offices
iii. Business environment
iv. Worship centres,
v. To monitor airports,
vi. railway stations,
vii. bus stations,
viii. hotels,
ix. shopping malls and
x. all the other public places that need monitoring and protection.

1.7 Limitation of the study
Setting up a surveillance camera in your properties may cost huge amount of money. It also needs to have a 24hrs power supply system, which means the installation of the system becomes a problem for areas or countries where power supply is a challenge.

1.8 Project Organisation
The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.