Study Of Properties Of Briquette Produced From Groundnut Shell Coal Blend
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INTRODUCTION
Biomass, particularly agricultural residues seem to be one of the most promising energy resources for developing countries (Patomsok, 2008). Rural households and minority of urban dwellers depend solely on fuel woods (charcoal, firewood and sawdust) as their primary sources of energy for the past decades (Onuegbu, 2010). Of all the available energy resources in Nigeria, coal and coal derivatives such as smokeless coal briquettes, bio-coal briquettes, and biomass briquettes have been shown to have the highest potential for use as suitable alternative to coal/ fuel wood in industrial boiler and brick kiln for thermal application and domestic purposes. Global warming has become an international concern. Global warming is caused by green house gasses which carbon dioxide is among the major contributors. It was shown that increased emissions of CO2 have been drastically reduced owing to the fact that the rate of deforestation is higher than the afforestation effort in the country. The use of fuel wood for cooking has health implications especially on women and children who are disproportionately exposed to the smoke apart from environmental effects. Women in rural areas frequently with young children carried on their back or staying around them, spend one to six hours each day cooking with fuel wood. In some areas, the exposure is even higher especially when the cooking is done in an unventilated place or where fuel wood is used for heating of rooms. Generally, biomass smoke contains a large number of pollutants 2 which at varying concentrations pose substantial risk to human health. Among hundreds of the pollutants and irritants are particulate matters,
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Butadiene and benzene (Schirnding and Bruce, 2002)
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Briquetting Process
2.2 Historical Background of Briquetting Process
2.3 Advantages of briquette production
2.3.1 Bio-Coal Briquettes Bio-coal briquette
2.3.2 Characteristics of Bio-Coal Briquettes
2.3.4 Production Process of
2.3.5 Preparation of other types of Briquettes 2.5 Coal
2.6. Biomass Resources of Nigeria
2.6.1 Bio-coal briquette:
2.6.2 Charcoal: Types of charcoal are
2.7 Starches as a Binder Starch
2.7.1 Binders used in the production of bio-coal briquettes
2.7.2 Calcium Hydroxide Calcium hydroxide
2.7.3 Environmental issues.
2.7.4 Groundnut shell as an appropriate residue for the production of biocoal briquette.
2.7.5 Analysis of groundnut shell Table 1:
2.7.6 Uses of groundnut shell.
CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHOD
3.1 Materials and their sources
3.2 Apparatus used for the experiment
3.3 Reagent used for the experiment
3.4 Preparation of materials
3.5. Determination of the colour and texture of the raw materials
3.5.1 Determination of the chemical composition of the raw materials Digestion of the samples (Aqua regia method
3.5.2 Proximate analysis of the raw materials
3.6.1 Characterization of the bio-coal briquettes samples
3.8 Determination of Density
3.9 Determination of compressive strength of the briquette Samples
3.7 Water boiling tests of the briquette samples
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Colour and texture of the raw materials
4.2 Chemical composition of the materials.
4.3 Analysis of the materials Proximate analysis:
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