Solar Outdoor Surveillance CCTV Camera

INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
CCTV surveillance systems are frequently the subject of debate. Some parties seek to promote their benefits such as their use in criminal investigations and providing a feeling of safety to the public. They have also been on the receiving end of bad press when some consider intrusiveness has outweighed the benefits.
The correct design and use of such systems is paramount to ensure a CCTV surveillance system meets the needs of the user, provides a tangible benefit and provides safety and security for the wider law-abiding public.
Video cameras are used to observe an area, connected to a recording device or IP Network and monitored in a Control Room. Video surveillance technologies are used for far more than their roots in crime detection, with video analytics solutions able to serve a variety of applications such as traffic and crowd control management.
Closed-circuit television (CCTV) surveillance systems have made tremendous technological progress in the last decade, not only in individual capabilities, but also in the ability to interface with other security technology.
There are three primary ways to use CCTV systems, industry experts say: as a deterrent, for forensic purposes and as an interdictive device.
Originally, CCTV surveillance systems were simply a deterrent. The notion that “Big Brother” was watching was often enough to keep people from misbehaving. Today, though, CCTV surveillance systems are common enough that they have lost their novelty, reducing effectiveness as a simple deterrent, especially for illegal entry or violent crime.
Evolving Uses of CCTV Surveillance Systems
As recording and storing technologies and software such as video analytics have became more efficient, CCTV surveillance systems have evolved into a forensic tool — that is, collecting evidence after an event has occurred.
But as CCTV surveillance systems become more easily integrated with monitoring devices, alarm systems and access control devices, a third use of CCTV is gaining momentum: Helping security personnel to identify and interrupt security breaches as they’re occurring, or even before they take place.

Intelligent video algorithms, such as sophisticated motion detection, can identify unusual walking patterns and alert a guard to watch a particular video screen. Object-recognition algorithms can identify someone who might simply be loitering, or even a briefcase or other suspicious object that is left somewhere it shouldn’t be. Again, the system can alert a monitoring guard so that appropriate action can be taken.
The most advanced intelligent video algorithm is facial recognition. However, most experts agree that use of this technology as an efficient tool in the private sector is still several years down the road.

Traditionally, intelligent video algorithms are components of a computer system in a security room to which video captured by an array of CCTV cameras is fed. But on the horizon, manufacturers will be making cameras that can process the intelligent video algorithm right inside the camera.
Wide dynamic range is another technology that is becoming more prevalent on CCTV cameras. Wide dynamic range means cameras can resolve details when there’s a tremendous amount of both light and dark areas in the same scene.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
If there is one factor that has perpetually maintained the status of Nigeria as a less developed country, it is its electricity sector. Till date, many households and industrial businesses cannot be guaranteed of 24 hours supply of electricity from the National grid. At this stage of Nigeria’s social and economic development, the country cannot deliver sufficient energy to the citizens despite huge financial resources that have been expended in the sector and this is the major reasons why most people don’t show interest on installation of CCTV in their homes and offices.
Many started using CCTV and later they packed it up because of the high cost of powering it with gasoline generator. Because of these problems, there is a need to design a solar powered CCTV surveillance which reduces the cost of energy consumed and eliminates noise/environmental pollution that is associated with running of generator.

1.3 AIM OF THE STUDY
CCTV Cameras are very important in monitoring some places in particular to prevent theft, and for the businesses, control inventory and to maximize productivity. Security has been the main purpose of surveillance camera Installation although it can do more than ensuring security. The main aim of this work is to study the installation of solar outdoor surveillance CCTV camera

1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The objective of this study is to:
i. To help reduce the fear of crime.
ii. To help deter crime.
iii. To help detect crime and provide evidential material for court proceedings.
iv. To provide efficiency, steadiness in the use of CCTV surveillance, by ensuring continuous availability of power supply.
v. Reduce load on the National grid that turn to be reduce the overall energy consumption dependency on the main energy supply in the country
vi. Decrease customer utility bill on energy utilization because of its non-fuel consumption, low price and maintenance cost as compared to the convectional sources of power supplies to the cctv.
vii. Again, reduce carbon discharges and subsequently reduce global warming particularly in a period when poor climatic change has become a threat to human survival and life in general to all living creatures hence an ever increasing concern to control it.

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The primary use of a solar powered outdoor closed-circuit television camera (the CCTV camera of full form) is to provide a steady warning and deterring burglars, thieves and other criminals in homes and offices.
Using solar energy in outdoor cctv surveillance will motivate many to start using cctv in their offices and homes.
1.6 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of using solar powered outdoors surveillance cameras in our environments are for security of offices, home and families. Safety can be achieved by strategically placed solar security cameras in and around your property, acting as a deterrent for would-be thieves as well as catching them in the act.

1.7 APPLICATION OF THE STUDY
This device is used to monitor and secure places like:
i. Homes
ii. Offices
iii. Business environment
iv. Worship centres,
v. To monitor airports,
vi. railway stations,
vii. bus stations,
viii. hotels,
ix. shopping malls and
x. all the other public places that need monitoring and protection.

1.8 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
Setting up a solar surveillance camera in your properties may cost huge amount of money compared to traditional outdoor CCTV surveillance.

1.9 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this work is on using photovoltaic (PV) solar powered unit for an outdoors CCTV. Each solar powered unit shall consist of solar photovoltaic panels, solar panel mounting hardware, solar charger/regulator, inverter, 12V gel batteries, ground mounted battery / equipment cabinet and wiring/conduit necessary to make a functional unit. Additional items necessary to complete the work such as poles, pole mounted frame and foundations.