Design And Implementation Of A University Cafeteria Ticketing System Using Fingerprints

ABSTRACT

This project is on the design and development of portable and reliable fingerprint based cafeteria ticketing system that can be used monitoring and booking of student meal in the school cafeteria. It will eliminate the problems of manual method. The new system utilizes a portable fingerprint scanner as the input to acquire fingerprint images and notebook personal computer as the mobile terminal for the processing of the images and booking of meal ticket. It also include database to store student’s information and meal records. Visual Basic.net was used as the programming language to develop this system. The system was tested and found working correctly.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title                                                                                                                               Pages

Cover page

Title page                                                                                                                       i

Certification                                                                                                                   ii

Dedication                                                                                                                     iii

Acknowledgment                                                                                                          iv

Abstract                                                                                                                         v

Table of Contents                                                                                                          vi

List of Tables                                                                                                                   x

List of Figures                                                                                                                  x

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY       1

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM                                                                          3

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES                                                                                          4

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY                                                                                               4

1.5 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY                                                                                4

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY                                                                           5

1.7 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS                                                           6

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 WHAT IS BIOMETRICS                                                                                                       7

2.2 HISTORY OF BIOMETRICS                                                                                   9

2.3 TYPES OF BIOMETRIC DEVICES AVAILABLE                                                14

2.3.1 RETINA SCANNER                                                                                               15

2.3.2 IRIS SCANNER                                                                                                      17

2.3.3 FINGERPRINT SCANNER                                                                                    19

2.3.4 FACIAL BIOMETRICS                                                                                         22

2.3.5 VOICE RECOGNITION                                                                                        24

2.3.6 HAND PRINT PATTERNS                                                                                    24

2.3.7 DNA FINGERPRINT                                                                                             2

2.3.8 DEEP TISSUE ILLUMINATION                                                                          2

2.3.9 VOICE PRINT KEYSTROKE PATTERN                                                            26

2.4 APPLICATION AREAS OF BIOMETRICS                                                            27

2.5 RELATED STUDIES                                                                                                 31

2.6 SUMMARY OF REVIEW                                                                                         34

CHAPTER THREE: SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

3.1 ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM                                                             36

3.2 JUSTIFICATIONS OF THE NEW SYSTEM                                                           37

3.3 METHODOLOGY                                                                                                     37

3.4 DATA COLLECTION                                                                                               39

3.5 THE PROPOSED NEW SYSTEM                                                                            39

3.6 DATA STRUCTURE                                                                                                 44

CHAPTER FOUR: SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION, TESTING AND INTEGRATION

4.1 CHOICE OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE                                                          46

4.2 THE SYSTEM MAIN MENU IMPLEMENTATION                                              47

4.2.1 MAIN MENU                                                                                                              47

4.2.2 ADMIN LOGIN PAGE                                                                                              48

4.2.3 CAFETERIA ATTENDANT ACTIVATOR SETUP PAGE                             49

4.3 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SUB-SYSTEM                                                      50

4.4 QUERY SUB-SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION                                                      53

4.5 SYSTEM TESTING AND INTEGRATION                                                           54

4.6 TEST PLAN                                                                                                              54

4.7 TEST DATA                                                                                                              54

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 SUMMARY                                                                                                              55

5.2 RECOMMENDATION                                                                                            56

5.3 CONCLUSION                                                                                                        57

REFERENCES

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 3.1 ADMINISTRATOR DATABASE                                                                    44

TABLE 3.2 COURSE DATABASE                                                                                     44

TABLE 3.3 LECTURER DATABASE                                                                                45

TABLE 3.4 STUDENT DATABASE                                                                                   45

LIST OF FIGURES

FIG 2.1 STRUCTURE OF IRIS                                                                                            17

FIG 2.2 IRIS SCANNER                                                                                                      18

FIG 2.3 FINGERPRINT PATTERNS                                                                                  20

FIG 2.4 SCANNERS                                                                                                             21

FIG 3.1 TOP DOWN DESIGN APPROACH FOR THE SYSTEM                                               38

FIG 3.2 FLOW CHART FOR USER START PAGE                                                          39

FIG 3.3 FLOW CHART FOR ADMIN SUB PROGRAM                                                  41

FIG 3.4 FLOW CHART FOR STUDENT SUB PROGRAM                                              43

FIG 4.1 USER START PAGE                                                                                               48

FIG 4.2 ADMIN LOGIN IMPLEMENTATION                                                                 49

FIG 4.3 CAFETERIA ATTENDANT SETUP                                                                     50

FIG 4.4 ADMINISTRATOR SUB-MENU                                                                          51

FIG 4.5 STUDENT ENROLLMENT SUBMENU                                                               52

FIG 4.6 CAFETERIA ATTENDANT ACTIVATOR                                                          52

FIG 4.7 STUDENT FINGERPRINT VERIFIED                                                                53

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background of the Study

Meal booking method of students in institution can be rigorous using the conventional method of meal card and student I.D system method. Every academic institution poses some standards concerning how meal ticket is to be confirmed for student in university in the cafeteria. That is why keeping the accurate record of cafeteria ticketing is very important. The approach of using paper meal ticket or student I.D card system to book for students’ meal has been in use for years. There are so many bottlenecks with the conventional method, one of such problem is the difficulty for the management to compute the percentage of student in school that need food and frequently modify their information. Also in institution, tracking and monitoring student meal could be tedious task, time consuming and as well prone to errors. As an alternative to traditional manual ticketing process by students in university cafeteria, biometrics characteristics can be used for authenticating students.

Fingerprint systems benefits school lunch line by promoting smooth flow and cashless transactions. Students are usually in a hurry and have limited time to get their lunch. The integration of fingerprint biometrics in school lunch line will help to provide speedy service to hungry students and ensure that every student gets lunch irrespective of whether they remember their card or PIN. Their fingerprint is the password now.

This research will focus on developing Fingerprint based Biometric university cafeteria ticketing System. The fingerprint Biometrics is adopted in this research work for the fact it is one of the most successful applications of biometric technology. In the manual ticketing processes, where the school management give a meal paper to student for ticketing as a form of confirming their presence for a particular meal, falsification in student attendance mostly occur a situation where by a student can sign on behalf of his or her colleague as being present in the cafeteria when not true can be so difficult to prevent from happening especially for university that have numerous student where row count can takes longer time according to International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security (2009).

The trending concern in this modern world is regarding national security, identifying theft as well as on-line terrorism. Researcher refers to Biometric as a solution for detecting user’s identity and security challenges emanating in this modern day. Biometric identification is any automatically measurable, robust and distinctive physical characteristic or personal trait that can be used to identify an individual or verify the claimed identify of an individual. Biometric science utilizes the measurements of a person’s behavioral characteristics (keyboard strokes, mouse movement) or biological characteristics (fingerprint, iris, nose, eyes, jaw, voice pattern, etc). It is the features captures that is being transformed digitally into a template. The recognition software can then be used to discover an individual as the person they claim to be. Fingerprint recognition is the most common biometric method adopted in identification of a person (Ismail 2009).

Biometric is a field of technology that uses automated methods for identifying and verifying a person based on physiological and behavioral traits. Because some parts of the human body is use in biometrics, the issue of getting lost is not possible and for password to be easily guess can be easily avoided.   Also, utilizing biometrics in most cases can be said to be more efficient when speed is considered and convenient than employing password and ID cards method.

Using a particular person fingerprint as a form of authentication is just like using natural physical data as a password. The benefit of using biometric authentication is that it is absolutely distinct to each person. There are no two different individuals with the same fingerprint, it is difficult and impossible for one another to have the same fingerprint, and fingerprints from different people can never be the same. Also, a fingerprint can never be guess by a criminal, such as a password which imposter can easily predict using a user birth date or any other common password. Infiltration is very hard to come by due to the fact that criminal will not be able to snoop around to steal user password when using ATM with the 4-digit pass code (Valasquez 2013).

Fingerprint can be categorize as one of the most mature biometric traits and is accepted in courts of law as a legitimate proof of evidence. Fingerprints are adopted in forensic analysis globally in investigations of criminal. More recently, there are growing numbers of individuals and commercial users that are currently using or strongly putting into consideration of using fingerprint-based identification for no any other reason other than the matching performance biometric technology has demonstrated as well as a better understanding of fingerprints.

Although there are so many positive impacts for using biometric authentication, however, unlike username and password, biometric data is a physical feature of a person that is fixed and cannot be change. If a person could have access to adequate scan another person fingerprint, that scan has the capability to trick the Touch ID system. In that case, the fingerprint features of a person can’t be change consequently a criminal can’t be prevented from having access to your personal information or files. As fingerprint scanning becomes more widely accepted anywhere anytime, this may become a substantial challenge. A criminal can have access to different accounts because with one fingerprint, a criminal may have access to multiple accounts that implemented authentication using fingerprint.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The traditional system is still mostly used in most university cafeteria today where the school management will give students meal ticket sheet of paper containing list of student’s name to sign or in some cases, the student will be the ones to write their names, student id and matriculation number to indicate their presence for a particular meal. Falsification in student ticketing does occur rampantly in the traditional method. For example, another student can easily book meal on behalf of another student that is absent or out of the school premises. In other to prevent this problem, it is necessary to develop an Authentication System for Students using fingerprint Biometric recognition that will be employed to track and keep the cafeteria ticketing of every student in a particular meal section. Fingerprint is unique feature for everyone compare to using barcode in smart cards. Therefore, this system designed in this project work is not based on the existing barcode system. The Fingerprint based university cafeteria ticketing designed in this research work for student is a more secure platform where students mark their cafeteria ticketing with their fingerprint.

1.3 Aim and Objectives        

The aim of the study is to design and develop a reliable, scalable and cost effective Fingerprint university cafeteria ticketing system. This is to be achieved by the following objectives:

• To carry out the analysis of manual processes involved in university meal ticketing.
• To design a new system for the (i) above and
• To implement the design using Microsoft Visual Basic.net.

1.4 Scope of the Study

The scope of this work is to develop a Fingerprint Based university cafeteria ticketing System that will improve how meal delivering to student is done by using fingerprint as a form authentication for proof of attending meal section. The system will be a window based application developed using Microsoft Visual Basic.net as the preferred programming language for building the user interface and Microsoft SQL Server for database design. It does not cover other aspects of biometric.

1.5 Limitations of the Study

The efficiency of the scanner can be reduced due to the roughages in the captured images which are often caused by worn-out or cut or dirt’s found on fingerprint. Therefore, there is every possibility that enrolled users can be rejected by the system. Also the scanner or sensor cannot distinguish between a real and an artificial finger; therefore it is possible to fool the scanner. In addition, if an enrolled fingerprint is been duplicated or spoof, it is not possible to change fingerprint as in the case of password because user finger biometric. Finally, since the system will be design using Visual Basic.net, it won’t be able to run on any other platforms other than Microsoft Window operating system.

1.6 Significance of the Study

There are many areas within a school where students are required to identify themselves in order to access services. These areas include the cafeteria, library, class attendance etc. The commonly used identification methods such as visual identification, ID cards, PINs, card punches etc. pose a lot of challenges and have certain limitations. These methods are unable to provide accurate identification and the administrators have to spend time and resources in correcting errors.

For example, a card based solution can result in lunch line delays and proxy attendance. If a student forgets to carry their card they are unable to access lunch. A password is also not a solution since students will be required to remember the password. This is an additional burden and does not go well with students. Moreover, cards can be stolen, lost or damaged. A bully could steal a student’s card and take his or her lunch. If a card gets lost or damaged, then additional expenses need to be incurred for replacing the card.

Visual identification may not be suitable for large group of students and can lead to security concerns and wrong attendance reporting. It cannot solve the issues of proxy attendance and other loopholes such as bullies eating lunch of other students by using their cards or passwords. A biometric system can effectively eliminate these problems and streamline school operations by eliminating the need to track and reconcile attendance data.

1.7 Operational Definition of Terms

Biometrics is physiological or behavioral characteristics unique to individuals, this Include Fingerprint, hand geometry, handwriting, iris, retinal, vein and voice.

PIN personal identification number.

Biometric Verification is any means by which a person can be uniquely identified by evaluating one or more distinguishing biological traits.

Scanner a device for examining, reading, or monitoring something in particular..

Fingerprint sensor is an electronic device used to capture a digital image of the fingerprint pattern.

Rapid Application Development is a concept that products can be developed faster and of higher quality.

Authentication is the process of determining whether someone or something is, in fact, who or what it declared to be.

Use Case Diagram is used to show scenarios used for understanding the requirements of the system and to show the interaction between the user and the system.

Flow chart or Activity Diagram is a Unified Modeling Language that represents the graphical workflows of stepwise activities and actions with support for iteration, choice and concurrency.