Design And Construction Of Microcontroller Based Digital Combinational Lock System

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The protection of lives and properties of every individual is of high priority. The research was carried out, and the statistics found that intruders easily break almost 80% of mechanical security lock systems used by individuals. Security has been a man’s concern and needs right from the inception of time. Olden day’s security system was mechanical, plain wall or just a wall with a watchdog. The main reason for providing locks for homes, offices, churches, schools and other buildings is for safety of lives and property [1].

Digital computers are not only used to calculate data, processing data and game playing alone, but also are being used to monitor and control all kinds of individual processes and machine works such as robots, printing machine, rolling mills, aircraft, etc. Microcontroller which is a small and tiny computer designed to perform some specific tasks is one of the prominent embedded system used. The basic idea of microcontroller is to assemble all the input and output peripherals in one simple circuit, contrary to a large and sophisticated computer with a microprocessor and large numbers of peripherals [2].

A smart home design application that allows the owner to manage his/her home through the internet was proposed [3]. It uses a PC as a server which increases the price and power consumption. Others need web page hosting that incurs extra cost. The author concluded that the use of PC requires considerable cost and can be reduced by using a microcontroller. Password based door locking system using microcontroller was proposed [4]. The main component in the circuit is 8051 microcontroller. The concept behind this project is of a door-latch opening using a password. A micro-controller based Digital Code Lock that serves the purpose of security was created [5]. The system comprises of a push button keypad connected to the 8 bit microcontroller ATmega328P. It allows you to preset a password. The lock will open if the entered password matches the preset one. If the entered password is wrong, a buzzer will be activated. A design of a digital combination lock system which investigates a finite state machine based combination (Digital) lock using several modules.

There are many types technologies available to secure our place, like PIR Based security systems, RFID based Security system, Laser security alarms, bio-matrix systems etc. Even now, there are Digital locks which can be operated using our smart phones, means no more need to keep different keys, just one smart phone can operate all the locks, this concept is based on Internet of Things.

In this project, we are building a digital combinational lock system using 8051 Microcontorller, which can only be unlocked by a predefined code, if we enter the wrong code, the system alerts by siren the buzzer.

1.2 AIM OF THE PROJECT

The main aim of this work is to create an electronic security system capable of detecting an intruder and then alert security personnel or the user. The design is on a microcontroller based combination lock with security notification uses a four-digit pass key for its operation.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The main objectives for embarking on this project of construction of a digital combination lock system are;

1. To construct a cheap and effective security system for buildings, cars, safes, doors and gates.
2. To experiment the application of electronic devices as locks.

• To prevent unauthorized person from having access to ones properties through the use of codes.

1. To raise awareness on the topic of security or access control.
2. To utilize the available components to construct a working model of a digital combination lock system.
3. To construct and test the designed system so as to see if it can perform as specified.

1.4 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The main purpose of working on a microcontroller based combinational lock system is to have protection over lives and property.

1.5 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The increasing rate of crime, attacks by thieves, intruders and vandals, despite all forms of security gadgets and locks still need the attention of researchers to find a permanent solution to the well-being of lives and properties of individual. Even with the use of mechanical locks, the crime rate still has increased due to the fact that these locks are easily broken. Consequently, there is a need for other types of locks especially electronic ones. To this end, we construct a cheap and effective security system for buildings, cars, safes, doors and gates, so as to prevent unauthorized person from having access to ones properties through the use of codes.

1.6 SIGNIFICANT OF THE PROJECT

Statistics from physical count of existing doors in used here in Abuja shows that only banks use digital locks, few homes (about 1 in 200,000) and few cars (about 1 in 100) use digital locks. Survey shows that the lock is not popular because it is expensive and it is complicated as few people can cram the access code. This work aims to make the microcontroller based digital combination lock cheaper, affordable and accessible for at least 70% for the people in Abuja.

1.7 SCOPE OF STUDY

This construction of digital combination lock is based on a microcontroller. We construct a cheap and effective security system for buildings, cars, safes, doors and gates, so as to prevent unauthorized person from having access to ones properties through the use of codes, we therefore experiment the application of electron.

1.8 APPLICATION OF THE STUDY

This device found application in the following places:

1. Bank Vaults,
2. Hotels,
3. Offices
4. Homes, etc.

1.9 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this study. In this chapter, the background, significance, scope, objective, application limitation and problem, advantages of this work was discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of the study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.