Design And Construction Of Fire Alarm And Extinguisher

ABSTRACT

Fire outbreak is a major concern at homes, offices, industries etc. It is dangerous and requires high security and control to avoid destruction of lives and property. One of the preventive measures to avoid the danger is to install an automatic fire alarm detector at vulnerable locations, hence the Arduino based fire alarm detection and control system was proposed. It is capable of automatically detecting heat/flame/smoke in a given environment, sound an alarm, and also spray extinguisher to reduce the intensity of fire.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
• BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM/OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
• ADVANTAGE OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
• PROJECT MOTIVATION
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

METHODOLOGY

CHAPTER TWO

2.1      INTRODUCTION

2.2      REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

2.3     REVIEW OF SMOKE DETECTOR

2.4     REVIEW OF TYPES OF FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

2.5     REVIEW OF FIRE ALARM DESIGN

2.6    REVIEW OF FIRE ALARM PARTS

2.7    FIRE ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCES

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

3.1      INTRODUCTION

3.2    SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

3.3   HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

3.4   CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.5   SOFTWARE DESCRITION

3.6   PROGRAM CODE

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1            RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1      CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING

4.2      CASING AND PACKAGING

4.3      ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS

4.4      TESTING OF SYSTEM

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSIONS
• RECOMMENDATION

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

1.1                                           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Introduction- Ever since mankind first began building structures out of wood rather than stone, fire has been a part of the learning process. In fact, so common have these infernos been throughout history that nearly every major city in the world has been largely burnt to the ground at one time or another in its history. An example of such fire outbreak was in Boston 1872. While not as large a fire as the one in Chicago the year before or the fire that was to ravage San Francisco just over three decades later [2]

Firefighting requires skills in combating, extinguishing, and preventing fires, responding to emergency calls, operating and maintaining fire department equipment and quarters, and extensive training in performing firefighting activities. The earliest known firefighters were in the city of Rome. In 60 A.D., emperor Nero established a Corps of Vigils (Vigils) to protect Rome after a disastrous fire. It consisted of 7,000 people equipped with buckets and axes, and they fought fires and served as police [3].

In the 4th century B.C., an Alexandrian Greek named Ctesibius made a double force pump called a siphon. As water rose in the chamber, it compressed the air inside, which forced the water to eject in a steady stream through a pipe and nozzle [4]

Nowadays, some factories and buildings have proper installation and fire safety and control arrangements such as fire alarm, fire extinguishers, water supply system etc. But the problem is these conventional fire extinguishing systems are not enough to take prompt action during fire outbreak and hence, save life. The best way to reduce these losses is to respond to the emergency situation as quickly as possible. So, there comes the necessity of a standalone fire detection systems. This project therefore seeks to design a microcontroller fire alarm and control system that will continuously monitor the presence of significant amount of heat and activate an alarm and extinguish the fire as a safety measure to contain the situation.

1.2      PROBLEM STATEMENT

Safety is a crucial consideration in the design of residential and commercial buildings in order to safeguard against loss of life and damage to property.

The existing fire alarm system in market nowadays is too complex in terms of its design and structure. Since the system is too complex, it needs regular maintenance to be carried out to make sure the system operates well. Meanwhile, when the maintenance is being done to the existing system, it could raise the cost of the system. Proposed System– the project is designed with a low cost and all level users can have one for a safety purpose. This project therefore seeks to design a fire alarm system that will continuously monitor the presence of significant amount of heat and activate an alarm and extinguish the fire as a safety measure to contain the situation.

1.3      AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The main aim of this work is to build a circuit that detects high temperature and consequently triggers an alarmand automatically extinguish the fire. The objectives of the study are:

1. To build the system prototype
2. To save lives and reduce percentage of accident.

• To achieve the workings of the system.

1. To limit the spread of fire through the means of a fireextinguishing sprinkling system in case of a fire outbreak.
   •               ADVANTAGE  OF THE PROJECT
2. The primary advantage of a home fire alarm system is increased reliability and the ability to place alarms and bells exactly where needed.
3. It is highly sensitive

• Low cost and reliable circuit

1.5                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

This research work will throw more light on the best techniques for controlling and alerting user against fire accident. This study will also be designed to be of immense benefit to all countries because of the diverse language of the audio prompt system.

It will also serve as a guide to whoever that wants to purchase fire alarm.

Finally, it will also serve as a useful piece of information for both producers and users of fire alarm

1.6                                              SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

This work is on an arduino microcontroller Based intelligent Fire detection, it uses photodiode as the temperature Sensor and MQ2 for Smoke sensing, over limit set points are set inside the program you can modify it as per your requirements.

1.7                                      APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT

This device can be used in places like:

1. Home / Office
2. Banks
3. Factories
4. Store Rooms
5. houses,
6. industries,
7. Movie theaters

1.8                                             PROJECT MOTIVATION

An involvement in a project like this for the first time encouraged us at making something simple and beneficial for everyone. We wanted to create something that could help us all in our day to day lives and that would be of immense use all countries with different languages. So, we thought of all the ways in which we could develop something of greater good for all general people. And as fire has been causing huge damages to life and property many times in our country, we developed the idea of creating this project. It will be of great use in each and every household, as well as industries, factories and every fire-prone areas. Thus, the idea of creating something that could save lives, property and help all people, motivated us in dedicating ourselves to this project.

1.9                                  PROJECT ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.

CHAPTER FIVE           

CONCLUSION

Thus we developed a device which will be used for firefighting purpose. This proposes a great chancefor automation and will be useful at places where human cannot reach or is dangerous. This devicewill be helpful in automation industry also. Proposed approach of modular design strategy was a good solution in implementing the firefighting device to help people at the critical condition. The proposed robot makes movements in forward, backward, left, right and stop also. It reduces the human efforts and also protect their property. This device detects fire and extinguish the fire with the help of water sprinkler pump. For extinguishing that fire device need to reach up to there and it starts movement towards the target and halts the fire.

RECOMMENDATION

Further the project can be enhanced by interfacing it with a wireless camera. The camera is mounted on the motor so it rotates in all directions and captures the images or the video. So that the person can view the operation of the device.