Design And Construct An Automatic Water Leveler For A 1.5Hp Pumping Machine

Water scarcity is one of the major problems facing many cities of the world and wastage during transmission has been identified as a major culprit; this is one of the motivations for this study, to deploy computing techniques in creating a barrier to wastage in order to not only provide more financial gains and energy saving, but also help the environment and water cycle which in turn ensures that we save water for future. The present study involves automatic control system to maintain water level in tank. This system enables to switch ON-OFF pump as per the requirement of water and the system has the ability to detect the level of water in a tank, switch on/off the pump accordingly.

TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
  • BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
  • PROBLEM STATEMENT
  • AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
  • PROJECT MOTIVATION
  • PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
  • APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
  • LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
  • PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT
  • ADVANTAGE OF THE PROJECT
  • PROJECT ORGANIZATION

CHAPTER TWO

2.0     LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1      REVIEW OF THE STUDY

2.2      REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     METHODOLOGY

3.1     SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

3.2     CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.3     CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

3.4     CIRCUIT OPERATION

3.5     POWER SUPPLY UNIT

3.6     DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0     RESULT DISCUSSION

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1     CONCLUSION

5.2     RECOMMENDATION

5.3     BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                          INTRODUCTION

1.1                                           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Water is a universal solvent which plays an important role in our everyday life. It is used in everyday activities. Rain water is the most accessible source of water in most localities, but in the last century pipe – borne water was invented. This water is free from germs but contains some mineral salts; it is generally accepted in most countries and is used as a source of drinking water. The world is experiencing water shortage, which implies that water source should be managed so as to minimize wastage. In some homes, we will find out that the boreholes and wells have tanks for water storage before pumping up to the overhead tank. People generally switch on their water pump when their tanks are short of water i.e. when the taps stop running and switch off the water pump when the tanks start over flowing. This results in unnecessary wastage and sometimes unavailability of water in cases of emergency.

At the household level, people switch on the water pumps and set off to work or even fall asleep, forgetting to switch off the mains when the tank or reservoir is full. This results to wastage and often flood. The average pumping machine is not in control of the amount of liquid or water it pumps. If the water is left running for over a long period of time without stoppage, it can constitute a form of hazard by flooding the area. Automatic water pump controller is a series of functions to control the Automatic Water Pump Controller Circuit in a reservoir or water storage. The water level sensor is made with a metal plate mounted on the reservoir or water tank, with a sensor in the short to create the top level and a detection sensor for detecting long again made for the lower level and ground lines connected to the bottom of reservoirs or reservoir.

In everyday life, there must be some physical elements that need to be controlled in order for them to perform their expected behaviors. A control system therefore can be defined as a device, or set of devices, that manages, commands, directs or regulates the behavior of other device(s) or system(s). Consequently, automatic controlling involves designing a control system to function with minimal or no human interference. Intelligent systems are being used in a wide range of fields including from medical sciences to financial sciences, education, law, and so on. Several of them are embedded in the design of everyday devices.

This paper aimed at presenting our project in embedding a control system into an automatic water pump controller for a 1.5hp water pump.

1.2                                   PROBLEM STATEMENT

It has been discovered that Most of households run out of water because of the inability to see when the take gets to the lower threshold and also sometimes they will ON the water pumping machine but forget to OFF it when the water tank becomes full and this causes waste. Automatic water control system provides significant solution to this issue. Methodology of this system is all depend on the electric conductivity of water and logical signals given to different logic gates. This system terminates the water pump from over flow and also automatically switches it ON when the water in the tank gets below certain level.

1.3                                     AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The main of this project is to build an automatic pump control system which monitors the level of liquid in the tank. The system has an automatic pumping system attached to it so as to refill the tank once the liquid gets to the lower threshold, it off the pump once the liquid gets to the higher threshold. Objectives of the work are:

1. To monitor the level of water in the tank
2. To incorporate an interactive medium between the end user and the machine

• To prevent over labor of the pumping machine

1. To avoid waste of water
2. To save electric energy

1.4                                        PROJECT MOTIVATION

This research was the need to bring a solution to the problem of water shortage in various places eliminating the major culprit; waste of water during pumping and dispensing into overhead thanks. We believe that creating a barrier to wastage will not only provide more financial gains and energy saving, but will also help the environment and water cycle which in turn ensures that we save water for our future.

1.5                                PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The main purpose of designing this device is to avoid water wastage, overuse of water pump and to reduce the labour of the user.

1.6                                       APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

This device can be useful in places like:

1. Farm (for irrigation),
2. homes,

• worship centres

1. industries

1.7                                                        LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

As we all know that no human effort to achieve a set of goals goes without difficulties, certain constraints were encountered in the course of carrying out this project and they are as follows:-

1. Difficulty in information collection: I found it too difficult in laying hands of useful information regarding this work and this course me to visit different libraries and internet for solution.
2. Difficulty in parts gathering: I found it too difficult when gathering electronics parts used for the prototype.

1.8                                 PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT

Water sensors used are built with conductive material, which means that they are subject to rusting or corrosion. When rusting occurred the sensors will stop conducting thereby causing this device will stop working.

1.9                                          ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

·                  Saves Power

By using our project, we can save power. I can be used in places where there is problem of Load Shedding. As it is automatically controlled, it limits the amount of electricity. As today energy conservation is the utmost need, using one of these devices is useful.

·                  Saves Money

Now, as we know that automatic water level controller conserves power, it saves money as well. Water regulation is optimized using this device that means wastes electricity and wasted water is kept at a minimum. This saves a huge amount of money along with manpower.

·                  Works Automatically

The most utmost advantage of water level controller I that it can work on its own. It is because of relay and timer switches that there is no need to operate them manually. This means that a lot of human work is reduced.

·                  Maximizes Water

Additionally, water usage can be maximized with a water level controller. Often, water pumps get more use during the middle of the day. A water level controller is helpful because it automatically provides more water during the middle of the day and less water at night. As a result, water remains at its appropriate level at all times.

1.10                                      PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.