Construction Of A Gas Leakage Detector Alarm Using Microcontroller

1.0 INTRODUCTION
The use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is increasing quickly, especially in developing countries like Nigeria, Bangladesh,India,South Africa and Nepal, this is because it produces lesser smoke and soot compared to other local available options. The LPG is a flammable mixture of hydrocarbon gases like propane, and butane. LPGs are safely transport throughgas pipelines but this pipelines are prone to wear and tear or break completely which would allow gas leakage, it may also be due to mishandling, accidents or over filling of the gas cylinder. Several times explosionshas resulted from gas pipeline leakages or domestic cooking gas leakage which can be fatal causing loss of property, injuries and or even deaths.Global Economy.com reports that the average daily consumption of LPG has risen to about a thousand barrels per day. This increase in LPG consumption has brought on with it increased rate of accidents often leading to death due to gas leakage and often explosion of gas cylinders. This therefore presents the need for a device that can detect LPG, if present up to a certain level of concentrations in parts of the atmosphere in any environment.

1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
LPGs are useful in our day to day lives, but we open ourselves to possible hazards caused by gas leakages. Whenever excess cooking gas is in the atmosphere any little combustion would lead to a large fire explosion and many have suffered from this accidental occurrence.
Gas detection devices will detect these gases in the atmosphere and precautions can therefore be taken before any unwanted occurrence.

1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
1.2.1 Aim: To design and implement a gas detection system.
1.2.2 Objectives
i. To make a design of the proposed machine.
ii. To carry out the fabrication of machine.
iii. To carry out performance and cost evaluation of the fabricated device.

1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this project is to design, fabricate and implementa gas detection device.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Gas detectors are an essential application for home and commercial safety; they are also employed in numerous industrial industries. They are used in welding shops to detect combustibles and toxics and in nuclear plants, to detect combustibles. They are also commonly used to detect hazardous vapours in wastewater treatment plants and are very efficient in confined spaces where there is no continuous employee occupancy. Such spaces include tanks, pits, vessels and storage bins. They may also be placed at a site to detect toxins prior to occupant entry where it commonly used for gas leak detection system, fire/safety detection system and gas leak alarm. It can be found in a variety of locations such as on oil rigs to monitor manufacture processes and emerging technologies such as photovoltaic. They may also be used in fire fighting. Typical installation areas being gas yards (Bullets), gas banks with multi cylinders in manifold, user production departments/utility areas like kitchens. Other areas of application and the common gases it can detect are listed in the table below:

1.5 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY
If this project is well carried out successfully, it will help in minimizing bad issues that arises from gas leakages or explosion, as quick fire prevention aids can be carried out immediately gases are detected