CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The school drops project of the national education association defined school dropout as a pupil who leaves school for any reason as a death, before graduation or completion of a programmed of studies and without transferring to another school.

The term dropout is used most of term to designate an elementary or secondary school pupils who has been a membership during the regular school term and who withdraws from member before graduating from secondary school or before completing an equivalent programmed of studies, such an individual is consider a dropout whether his dropping out occur deterring or between regular school terms whether his dropping out occur before or after he has passed the  compulsory school attendance age, and where applicable whether or not he has completed ammonium required amount of school work.

The school According to BBC English dictionary 1992, p723 sees school as an constitution where learning takes place.

Dropout is defined or an curability of a school child to complete or continue with his/her education basically because of   reason of finale broken hone or their likes (Farrant 1928 pg 43) parental roles the family in valve the responsibility which is bested on the husband  and wife and by virtue to their status as husband and wife.

These obligations may be carried out in different ways by each member toward achieving or contributing to the same purpose or goals of family existence in the course of perfuming this goals or giving responsibilities which will subsequently avoid dropout of school (DENGA 2004).

The new lexicon western ms dictionary of English language (1776 pg 225) sees dropout as a situation where by the child is forced to abandon his education pursuits basically because of his in ability to satisfy basic needs ranging from peer group influence, poor parental background found and a host of other reasons.

Ogbole (2001 pg .5) defined education as human civilization. A body of know ledge, skills, value, attitudes and disposition which human being must not acquired and evolved but lives in the course of time, in their interaction with physical and social word education is the expenses that an individual is expose to which bring about a positive improvement on his skill attitudes and knowledge that leads to the improvement on his environment and himself.

In his book “cause and remedies of school dropout among school girl child” balogun  J.O (1976) highlighted that ‘’majority of school dropout occur at the age of 16, which concede with the end of compulsory school attendance in most states boys are likely to dropout than girls and they tend to be some what older when they dropout”

Low leading achievement tend to be association with dropout, but the significant factor have is the low self concept that accompanies reading failures. In comparison of 60 poor reader who graduate, it was found out that the former group held more negative attitudes toward themselves schools dropout has a negative history of poor grade, non promotion and absenteeism. They are likely to participate in exra-curricular activities than dropouts it is because of this feeding that we are promoted and motivated to undertake a critical look at the problems association with school dropout with particular reference to junior secondary school in Awe Local Government Area of Nasarawa state it is often said that knowing a problem is half way of the solution or the first step so luring it

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

There have been frequent case of school dropout in school most especially in our junior secondary school in Awe, but no any research has been conducted about this very serious problem. This problem of school dropout has one way or the other affected the adjustment and achievement in school some of the reason of factors that normally contributed to the issue of school dropout among the student of junior secondary school include financial problem, peer group influence poor method of teaching by the teachers etc.

The school authority and teachers fine it very difficult to control such ugly trend among the student knows with such act.

It is because of all these situation we felt that it is very imperative to undertake this research in other to minimize such an ugly trend that has constituted menace to the attainment of our education standard in Local Government Area of Nasarawa State.

1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this research is to critically appraise the implication for school dropout and its implication on the education development of the children, as well as outline the implication of dropout in our society or community.

The research has the following as its operation objectives

(a)  To enable the research find out the frequent causes school dropout among junior secondary school student in Awe Local Government Area of Nasarawa State

(b) To find out what student normally do when they dropout of school

(c)  To find out whether peer group influence has significantly affected school dropout among junior secondary school student in Awe Local Government Area of Nasarawa State.

(d) To find out the role the parents have been contributing to control or minimize the frequent cases of dropout among junior secondary schools in Awe Local Government Area of Nasarawa State.

(e)  To find out the efforts government have contributed toward the frequent cases of school dropout in Awe Local Government of Nasarawa State

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION

It is in line with the important to this research work that this study intends to specifically find out the answers to these questions.

(1) What are the causes of school dropout among junior secondary school student in Awe Local Government Area?

(2) How peer group influence effect the cases of frequent school dropout among junior secondary school student in Awe Local Government Area?

(3) Have individual parent and community been making effort to control the frequent cases of school student in Awe Local Government Area of Nasarawa State?

(4) Have Government been making significant effort to minimize cases of school drops out among junior secondary school student in Awe Local Government Area of Nasarawa State?

1.5 HYPOTHESIS

The following are the hypothesis formed to guide the researchs

(1)  That peer group inflowing has contributed greatly to ward the frequent cases of school dropping out of school dropout among student of Nasarawa state.

(2) That must student who ended up dropping out of school engage in vices such as arm-robbery, thuggery etc

(3) That parent and community leaders have been doing a lot toward contributing cases of dropout among student in Awe Local Government Area of Nasarawa State.

1.6 SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY

Aristotle,a popular philosopher of  history and acclaimed reputed one said in his ethics ‘’A life without inflection is not worth  loving “ the execution and practice of any policy or set of policies equally call for review. Therefore a work of this nature is expected to be an important addiction to the volume of knowledge and research already existing on the topic.

The research of this project would benefit immensely as it will guide them in no small measure toward knowing the remote causes of dropout among junior secondary school student in Awe Local Government Area of Nasarawa State.

Equally, the study will enable the official the state ministry of education see the need to control the transport cases of school student, so as to enhance qualitative  education generally the government and parent should ensure that school dropout is drastically minimize among junior secondary school student in order to boast secondary school education in Awe Local Government of Nasarawa State.

This study also intent to reveal the evicts of dropout as it affection children upbringing and total socialization, parent well be properly education on the need to avoid all acts of commission or omission that cat lead to school dropout  it will serue as a guide to enlightens  parent to take responsibilities of their children education and provide some positives solution to the implication of school dropout and how school can cope with the problem of school dropout it is out can did hope that the result of the study can be useful to both the college, policy makers, the ministry of education above all the federal ministry of education policies.

1.7 DEFINATION OF TERMS

(1) Dropout: inability of child to continue with his/her education as a result or lack of either financial or peer group influence.

(2) Junior school: these are post primary schools which comprises of all categories of schools after primary school.

(3) Education: systematic training and instruction receiving in the school.

(4) Hypothesis: is and intelligent quest about the solution to a problem under investigation

(5) Peer group: mate age group who goes together in company of each other.