Banking Inspection And Examination As An Aid To Effective Banking Management

INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
The banking act of 1969 defined banking business as the business of receiving monies from outside resources as deposits, irrespective of the payment of interest and the granting of money loans and cheques, or the purchase and sales of securities for accounts of others or the incurring of the obligation to acquire claims in respect of loans prior to their maturity or the assumption of guarantees and other warranties for others.
In Nigeria, the banking business is being operated by the central bank of Nigeria CBN which acts as the apex bank commercial banks, merchant banks and of course the people’s and community bank established by various decrees promulgated by the federal military government.
Commercial banking actuates started in Nigeria in 1892 when the African Banking Corporation commenced its bank work in Lagos.
One of the basic roles of the central bank of Nigeria is the supervision and control of other banks.
The CBN’s objective and goals of banking inspection and examination are:
1. To develop a sound banking system
2. To protect depositors and creditors of the bank.
3. To provide adequate banking services in all part of the country.
4. To promote rapid economic development throughout the country.
The bank examination department of CBN was created by Sec. 20 of the banking act of (1969).
The powers of the banking act include:
1. The appraisal of the management with special attention to competence and general effectiveness
2. Appraisal of the system of operation procedure and control.
3. Assessment of the adequate of capital structure in relation to the size of business.
At the management level of each bank (Commercial, Merchant etc) a system of inspection and control exists to ensure that these guideline are followed and also ensure that loans are not indiscriminating issues by manager. The interest of the owners as well as the staff of such banks are also protected by this.

1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The problems are:
(a) Lack of fraud prevention and determination in banking institution as a result of poor inspection and examination.
(b) Ineffective banking management caused by essence of bank inspection and examination.
(c) Non compliance by bank manager with CBN and other government regulations on granting loans.
(d) Non protection of the bank depositors and creditors interest.

1.3 THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY ARE
(a) To determine whether bank inspection and examination has helped in the prevent and detection of fraud.
(b) To determine how bank inspection and examination can be of assistance to effective bank management.
(c) To find out whether bank managers comply with CBN and other government regulations on granting of loans.
(d) To know how bank inspection and examination has helped in protecting the interest of depositors and creditors of the bank.

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this work is limited to United Bank for African Plc, Agbai Road, Enugu that is second to the larges within the metropoly.

1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
(a) Does the bank inspection a well as its examination helps in the prevention and detection of fraud.
(b) Do bank inspection and examination assist in ensuring effectiveness in bank management.
(c) Do the bank manager comply with CBN and government regulations in granting of loans.
(d) To what extent have bank inspection and examination helped in protecting the interest of depositors and creditors of the bank.

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The researcher wished that through this study the doubts and fears instigated in the minds of the general public as a result of the (insecurity of their money) distresses in banking would be cleared.
This study also will be of benefit to bank inspectors, external auditors, accountants, bank management, bank depositors and creditors and the general public who rely much on inspection reports.
The researcher also helps that the result of this study will restore trust and dignity of the banking system in Nigeria.