Measurement Of Background Radiation
(A Case Study Of Iperindo Town, Osun State)
Humans are exposed to radiation in their environment with or without their consent; and the exposure to natural background radiation is an unpreventable event on earth. This present study has measured the background radiation in Iperindo town as a result of mining activities from the surrounding goldmine using the Radiation scanner 500VBR. In each location, at least 5 readings were taken in order to ensure reliability of data. The mean absorbed dose rate in air was estimated to be 165.30±22.02 nGy/hr. The Annual Effective Dose rate was found to be 0.301±0.040 mSv/yr while the Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk was gotten as (1.201±0.160) x10-3. The details of the Research procedure and estimation of values are presented and analysed in this work. This work can be used as a baseline research data for further research work, serving as reference for dosimetry in the event of futuristic action against the menace of harmful radiation.
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CERTIFICATION
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE 1
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background of Study 1
1.2 Aim of Study 2
1.3 Objectives of Study 3
1.4 Justification of Study 3
CHAPTER TWO 4
LITERATURE REVIEW 4
2.1 Theory 4
2.2 Types of Radiation 5
2.2.1 Non-ionizing Radiation 5
2.2.2 Ionizing Radiation 6
2.3 Types of Ionizing Radiation 7
2.3.1 Alpha Particles 7
2.3.2 Beta Particles 7
2.3.3 Gamma rays 7
2.3.4 X-rays 8
2.4 Sources of Ionizing Radiation 8
2.4.1 Natural Sources 8
2.4.1.1 Air 8
2.4.1.2 Cosmic Radiation 11
2.4.1.3 Food and Water 12
2.4.1.4 Terrestrial Sources 13
2.5 Man-Made Sources 13
2.5.1 Medical Treatment 14
2.5.2 Consumer Products 16
2.5.3 Occupational exposure 16
2.5.3.1 Gold Mining 17
2.6 Radiation Exposure 18
2.7 Measuring Background Radiation 19
2.7.1 Measuring Effective Radiation 19
2.7.2 Measuring Radiation Exposure 19
2.8 Radiation Detection Devices 20
2.9 Uses of Radiation 24
2.9.1 Medical Uses 24
2.9.2 Academic and Scientific Applications 25
2.9.3 Industrial Uses 26
2.9.4 Nuclear Power Plants 28
2.10 Review of Related Work 29
CHAPTER THREE 32
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 32
3.1 Study Area 32
3.2 Choice of Site 36
3.3 Measuring Instrument 36
3.4 Research Procedure 38
3.5 Quantities to be Derived 38
CHAPTER FOUR 40
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 40
4.1 Measurements Taken in Counts per Minute. 40
4.2 Absorbed Dose Rate in Iperindo Town 40
4.3 Annual Outdoor Effective Dose Equivalent in Iperindo 40
4.4 Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) 41
CHAPTER FIVE 46
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 46
5.1 Conclusion 46
5.2 Recommendation 46
REFERENCES 47
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