Effluent Impact On Water Quality
(A Case Study Of Aba River In Aba North L.G.A.Of Abia State)
This project work was aimed at determining the effect of effluent on Aba River. This became pertinent owing to the fact that companies discharge their effluent into the river without treatment. Four different samples were collected from four locations and analyzed, which include Upstream Sample (A), Unilever Effluent (B), Nigeria Breweries Effluent (C), and Down Stream Sample (D).
The results obtained indicated that there is industrial input of metals like Iron, Copper, Zinc, Calcium and non metals like Sulphate, Phosphate, Chloride, and Carbonate. This parameters were higher when compared with WHO’s standard.
The microbiological analysis showed that the river is highly polluted.
Finally conclusions were drawn and recommendations made.
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Title Page
Approval Page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of Content
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction 1-2
1.1 Statement of the Problem 3
1.2 Aims and Objective 3
1.3 Area of Study 4
1.4 Significance of the Study 4
1.5 Definition of Terms 4-6
CHAPTER TWO
Literature Review 7-11
2.1 Historical need and Development of Drinking
Water Quality 11-12
2.2 Water Characteristic 12-16
2.3 Waste Water Characteristics 16-17
2.4 Water Pollution 17-18
2.4.1 Water-Borne-Diseases 18
2.4.2 Water-Washed-Diseases 19
2.4.3 Water-Based-Diseases 19
2.4.4 Water-Related Diseases 19-20
2.5 Drinking Water Quality Standards and Goals 20
2.5.1 Primary Drinking Water Standard 21
2.5.2 Secondary Drinking Water Standard 21-22
2.5.3 How Standards are Set 22-23
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Sampling Procedure 24-25
3.1 Data Collection 25
3.2 Parameters Analysed 25-26
3.2.1 Apparatus/Reagents 26-27
3.3 Methods used in The Experiment 27-36
3.4 Practical Results 36
3.4.1 Temperature 36
3.4.2 Colour 36
3.4.3 pH 37
3.4.4 Odour 37
3.4.5 Calculating for Hardness in the Samples 37-38
3.4.6 Calculating Alkalinity 39-40
3.4.7 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) 40-41
3.4.8 Dissolved Oxygen 42-43
3.4.9 Metals (Cations) 43
3.5 Non Metals (Anions) 44
3.5.1 Comparing The parameters with WHO’s Standard 44
3.5.2 Dissolved Oxygen Curve 45
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Data Presentation 46
4.1 Parameters 46-47
4.2 Analysis of Physical Parameters 47
4.3 Analysis of Chemical Parameters 48
4.1 Analysis of Microbiological Parameters 48
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Conclusion 49-50
5.2 Recommendation 50-51
Reference 52
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