Design And Implementation Of Distribution Board Fault Monitoring System With Sms Alert

ABSTRACT

The efficiency of power systems is largely determined by the effectiveness of the inbuilt power equipment. Monitoring distribution parameters for faults and quick isolation of the system from faults helps to improve the efficiency of the power systems reliability. Current conventional method has its own limitations due to the reliance on technical team to carrying out visual inspection in order to identify any fault. Technologies such as Power line carrier communication and the use of internet based communication systems have their respective demerits. This work is based on the use of GSM technology, to provide a reliable monitoring and fault detection system. Appropriate designed specific sensors were used to monitor the changes in transmission parameters such as voltage, current, temperature and frequency. Whenever fault occurred the data acquired were transmitted to the utility mobile phone as SMS via the GSM wireless network. The system hardware was modeled using Proteus simulation tool while Mikro-C was used for the software. With this system, power transmission fault can be detected and isolated at the shortest possible time.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
• RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• OVERVIEW OF DISTRIBUTION BOARD
• SHORT CIRCUIT FAULT
• GSM TECHNOLOGY
• POWER SYSTEM FAULT
• REVIEW OF EXISTING SYSTEM
• REVIEW OF PROPOSED SYSTEM
• METHODS OF FAULT LOCATION

CHAPTER THREE

CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY

• SYSTEM OPERATION
• SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
• CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF SYSTEM
• CRICUIT DESCRIPTION
• SYSTEM FLOW CHART
• POWER SUPPLY UNIT
• SYSTEM PROGRAM CODE

CHAPTER FOUR

TESTING AND RESULTS

4.1     CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE

4.2       RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                               INTRODUCTION

1.1                                 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Electrical equipment is prone to disturbances which are fault imposed on the system such as overloading and short circuit [1]. This in turn causes damage to the power equipment in the power system and also at the consumer’s end. The impact can bring about a short or long-term loss of the electric power in an area. Prompt attention to power transmission faults is very vital in power systems, avoiding harm and instability to the system. To overcome these challenges, a power transmission monitoring and fault detection system using GSM technology is proposed. There are several existing systems that can be deployed but however they all have their respective limitations for electrical applications [2]. This is why GSM technology is chosen to deliver a cost effective, rigid and robust communication as it enhances speed of communication irrespective of distance [3].

Breach in pre-set short circuit limit is monitored by comparing the current sensed with the pre-set limit .If the current sensed is more than the pre-set current short circuit limit, the PIC Micro-controller sends a signal for the relay to trip off the system, else the system remains connected.

Whenever the set short circuit limit is breached, the system sends a fault detection SMS alert to the utility mobile phone a bi-directional communication was also achieved as the system can also receive command from the utility phone to set a short circuit limit [4]. With this system, an almost real time monitoring system is actualized However the power sector, right from generation to distribution of power is subjected to severe power losses [5]. it is quite paramount to ensure equipment such as transformers, circuit breakers, relays, panels etc. When power transmissions are been disturbed by fault, unless it is critical they tend to be overlooked. These faults, no matter how minor can lead to damage of the power system equipment and be a threat to human life. To overcome these, a GSM based monitoring system is proposed to help monitor power transmission parameters. By incorporating fault detection also, the system can be isolated from the slightest fault occurrence promptly. Thus cost of maintenance is adequately contained to an extent. Power transformer which is regarded as the core of any electrical transmission and distribution system are used for stepping up voltage at the output of the generator [6].

1.2                                        PROBLEM STATEMENT

The traditional method of monitoring system requires manpower which is time-consuming and it is difficult to predict the occurrence of faults. In this project, we designed a system which continuously monitors the distribution board parameters such as load current, voltage, oil level and ambient temperature with the help of sensors. These values are displayed continuously on the LCD display and it is recorded in the system memory. If any abnormalities occur in the distribution board then an alert message with the parameter values are sent to the monitoring centre along with the location by means of GSM which are integrated with the Arduino board. This system will help the distribution board to operate smoothly and identify problems before any catastrophic failure.

1.3                           AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The aim of the project is to design a monitoring system for distribution board with the help of GSM technology. The objectives are:

1. To ensure safety in distribution board
2. To increase efficiency

• To help the t distribution board to operate smoothly and identify problems before any catastrophic

1.4                                         SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This work is on the design of a GSM based distribution board monitoring system that sends information of the same to control room via SMS. The implemented system design mainly concentrates on the distribution system. It provides the way to detect the faults such as wastage of energy and power theft. The system continuously monitors various parameters of the system such as voltage, temperature, frequency and current.

1.5                                 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This device will help to detect the fault at the appropriate time and hence avoids total breakdown of the distribution system. The implementation of the system will save large amount of money that would have been used if a system break down.

1.6                                   LIMITATION OF STUDY

As we all know that no human effort to achieve a set of goals goes without difficulties, certain constraints were encountered in the course of carrying out this project and they are as follows:-

1. Difficulty in information collection: I found it too difficult in laying hands of useful information regarding this work and this course me to visit different libraries and internet for solution.
2. Difficulty in parts gathering: I found it too difficult when gathering electronics parts used for the prototype.

• Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).

1.7                                             RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In the course of carrying this study, numerous sources were used which most of them are by visiting libraries, consulting journal and news papers and online research which Google was the major source that was used.

1.9                                     PROJECT ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.