Frequent Changes In Local Government Administration As A Bane To Rural Development

INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY.
Local government by its nature is an institution established or put in place to promote local politics. It is an organization through which political activities, information and awareness campaign are carried to the grassroots. It is also the political mouth piece of the rural man. The yearnings, needs and aspiration of the local people are conveyed to the state and central government through their various elected representatives.
To buttress the above assertions, the 1976 guideline for local government reform in Nigeria vividly defines local government as:
“That government at the local level exercised through representative councils established by law to exercise specific powers within defined areas. These powers should give the council substantial control over local affairs as well as the staff and institutional and financial powers to institute and direct the provision of services and to determine and implement projects so as to complement the activities of the state and federal government in the areas so that the local initiative and response to local needs and conditions are maximised”.
When the above definition is examined, it implies that a local government is a representative government; a government empowered by law to undertake certain functions and established to implement developmental projects and policies that affect the rural people. The above definition is true because the existence of local government administration is aimed at the execution of developmental policies for the upliftment of the lives of the rural people (Nworji 2004).
In a similar vein, local government administration deals with the role of government in managing the affairs of the local people in a particular locality. It also entails making use of the available human materials and financial resources available to the local government to attend to and achieve stated need, aspiration, goals and objective of the individuals in the local community. Local government is also a grassroots government which is established world over not only for the purpose of authority maintenance, penetration of governance into the rural areas, consolidation of rural loyalty, obedience, political support and commitment of the subjects to the government and state, but also for the realization of rural development goals, increased political participation of the rural people through their representatives who are elected and also for the contribution of the rural people to the decision making process on issues that directly affects them. (Agoha 2004: 273).
Ideally, local government involves both legislative and executive processes operating under democratic principle of popular participation of local people in the management of their affairs. On the other hand, local administration is a bureaucratic process aimed at the provision of local services. Local government administration therefore has to do with authority to determine policies and execute them within a restricted area.
After independence, the federal government knew that the establishment of local government was crucial for the development of rural communities. To this end, the number of local government areas in Nigeria increased so as to accelerate national development. To achieve this policy of national development, Owerri west was carved out from the former Owerri municipal council. Since her creation, Owerri west has been abandoned and left to not and decay by successive state chief executives.
Owerri west local government was created in 1996 with its headquarters at Umuguma. The local government is made up of the following communities. Nekede, Ihiagwa, Eziobodo, Emeabiam, Avu, Ofurola, Irete, Okwukwu and Umuguma. These areas have their peculiar problems some of which include bad roads, electricity, and dilapidated road infrastructures, poor health care delivery services etc. These and many other problems are the challenges facing Owerri west since its creation. To this end, different administrations have tried to tackle this problem but the frequent changes in local government administration have always been a log to the wheels of development. This situation explains why policy implantation in Owerri west ends abruptly as soon as there is a change in administration in Owerri west and new ones formulated to the neglect of old projects.

1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
During the cause of this research, a handful of problems were discovered. These problems must not be treated with kid gloves if the federal and state government is really sincere about grassroots development. One of the problems identified was the diversion of statutory allocation into private accounts.
There is constitutional provision for the federal government to provide statutory allocation for the 774 local government areas in the country. This allocation is meant for developmental projects but one will continue to ask why nothing is being done despite this allocations. Every organization is expected to have control mechanisms especially as it concerns the use of scare financial resources in the execution of developmental projects. One is forced to ask to what extent is this mechanism employed in Owerri west local government financial management to ensure consistency in the use of statutory allocation for development.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This research is structured towards achieving the following purposes:
i. to explain why there are frequent changes in Owerri west local government administration.
ii. how these incessant changes impedes development at grassroots level.
iii. to explain why new administration in Owerri west local government abandons the projects of their predecessors at the expense of the poor masses who elected them.
Iv. to explain the need for policy continuity in the third tier of government.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This work aims towards making it possible for understanding that the administration of council areas should remain focused and continuity in programmes be encouraged toward the achievement of development of rural communities. The work also emphasis the importance of expanding the revenue base of this local government area that is an alternative source of revenue other than the statutory allocation, so that development will be rapid.
It will also sensitize the rural people on how they should contribute their own quota towards the development of the council area through making the council aware of their needs and emphasized that the recommendation made herein be strictly adhered to by the chief executive of the state for the rapid development of Owerri west local government area. Finally this study will be an avenue for the realization that continuity in planning and programmes no matter who initiated it be encouraged for the development of the entire communities that makes up Owerri west local government area.

1.5 LIMITATION AND SCOPE OF STUDY.
This study x-rays the incessant changes in local government administration in Owerri west local government area. It also has some limitations that may impede the research work. These include:
FINANCE: this may impede or cause a bridge in this research work because the researcher may not have enough money to cover the required area.
TIME: the time given to researcher may be too short there he could not cover the areas he was supposed to.
ATTITUDE: the attitude of the Owerri west council members also was a problem because these council members are not willing to give out any information for fear of being apprehended.

1.6 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
This study is based on David Easton system theory that says “the idea of politics as a system has gained considerable currency in political science. The notion of the system theory implies that there is a disgrace of inter-relatedness assumed to operate within the system which consists of mutual constraining or conditioning sort form which is distinguishable. A major condition of this system is that, the energy that keeps the system together defers from the environment and must be maintained so that the system will merge with the environment.
Within this system, energy is exchanged between limits of government such that if one unit is been affected, all others will be affected in a varying degree depending upon the linkage within the system and the loss of energy in the process of transmission. Energy is also lost in the process of maintaining the system as an entity with its environment.
In the case of local government as tier of government, activities is regarded as a component part of the system, it is a unit of activities at the local and it has interrelation with the federal and state government to make sure that there is effective development in the system.

1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
To avoid ambiguity and proper understanding of this work, some concepts have been defined for clarity. These concepts are:
LOCAL GOVERNMENT: this is a government in which popular participation both in the choice of decision maker and in decision making process is conducted by local bodies while recognizing the supremacy of the central government and willing to accept responsibility for its decision.
COMMUNITY: this is a group of people who live in a particular area and who are like by custom and tradition.
DEVELOPMENT: this means qualitative human happiness and welfare of citizens of a country.
ADMINISTRATION: this is the use of human, material and financial resources to achieve organizational objective.
OBJECTIVE: this is the expected result to be achieved in a particular task. It is futuristic because it states the predetermined result.
EFFICIENCY: is the capacity to achieve maximum output with minimum input.
POLICY MAKING: this presupposes the process of developing an effective and efficient broad guideline in a structural manna for its effective implementation.
POLICY IMPLEMENTATION: this is the process of implanting a broad guideline of action. It also embraces the full range of managerial activities associated with putting the chosen policy into place and supervising its pursuit.
Policy: this is a broad guideline used by organization in translating strategies into action. Policy aims at mapping out programmes of action that need to be pursed in order to accomplish the goals of the enterprise which are already defined.